Bundi language - Revision history

Arbundi: /* Sentences */

2024-12-23T17:58:06Z

Sentences

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:58, 23 December 2024
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	==== Sentences ====		==== Sentences ====
	Sentences always contain no more than one object, one subject and one verb. Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb. To link sentences ~~six~~ different separators can be used. Each one having the function of a different coordination conjunction.		Sentences always contain no more than one object, one subject and one verb. Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb. To link sentences 9 different separators can be used. Each one having the function of a different coordination conjunction.
	[[Category:Arbundi]]		[[Category:Arbundi]]

Arbundi: /* Verbs */

2024-03-16T20:29:59Z

Verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:29, 16 March 2024
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	{\| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
	!"Stalks"		!"Stalks"
	!Person		!Grammatical Person
	\|-		\|-
	\|<span style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;">d</span>		\|<span style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;">d</span>

Arbundi at 13:12, 16 March 2024

2024-03-16T13:12:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:12, 16 March 2024
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	The Bundi Language is a language first spoken by the Bundi tribe on Arbundia. It's the official language of the Arbundian Empire.		The Bundi Language is a language first spoken by the Bundi tribe on Arbundia. It's the official language of the Arbundian Empire.
	=== Phonology ===		=== Phonology ===
	----The Bundi language has four vowels: ɐ, u, i, o̞ and 23 pulmonic consonants (used in words). There are 9 additional clicks and ejective consonants exclusively used as conjunctions and sentence separators.		----The Bundi language has four vowels: ɐ, u, i, o̞ and 23 pulmonic consonants (used in words). There are 9 additional clicks and ejective consonants exclusively used only as conjunctions and sentence separators.

	Bundi words are usually composed of one-consonant/one-vowel syllables and always end with a vowel. One exception is the vowel o̞ is only found at the beginning of words and forms a syllable without consonants. All the vowels are pronounced short, unless for the last vowel of a proper name. Pitch plays a major role, each vowel can be pronounced as one of eight discrete notes, however some combinations note/vowel are not used in standard Bundi speech. In phonetic notation this notes are written as number exponents over the vowel; for example the pitch of [i<sup>4</sup>] is lower than [i<sup>5</sup>].		Bundi words are usually composed of one-consonant/one-vowel syllables and always end with a vowel. One exception is the vowel o̞ is only found at the beginning of words and forms a syllable without consonants. All the vowels are pronounced short, unless for the last vowel of a proper name. Pitch plays a major role, each vowel can be pronounced as one of eight discrete notes, however some combinations note/vowel are not used in standard Bundi speech. In phonetic notation this notes are written as number exponents over the vowel; for example the pitch of [i<sup>4</sup>] is lower than [i<sup>5</sup>].

	Consonants are divided in 5 semantic categories. Changing a consonant from a category to another will change the meaning of the syllable. ~~The~~ pronunciation of ~~the~~ consonant ~~will change depending~~ on the place of the consonant from the end of the section~~; however the syllable will keep the same meaning~~. For example the ~~syllable~~ [~~n̥di~~] ~~can only be found in~~ the last syllable of a word, ~~the syllable~~ [~~ʀbi~~] ~~will have the same meaning but can only be found~~ one place before last. The first consonant of a word containing a noun is silent (pronounced [ħ]) unless it's from category 5. The first consonant of a word containing a verb is always pronounced fully. Not all words strictly follow the consonants order, sometimes one or multiple virtual syllables are present (often as a result of word contraction), in these cases all the consonants preceding the virtual syllable are shifted in pronunciation.		Consonants are divided in 5 semantic categories. Changing a consonant from a category to another will change the meaning of the syllable. However the pronunciation of a consonant category depends on the place of the consonant from the end of the section. For example the first consonant category, is pronounced [n̥d] as the last syllable of a word, but is pronounced [ʀb] one place before last. The first consonant of a word containing a noun is silent (pronounced [ħ]) unless it's from category 5. The first consonant of a word containing a verb is always pronounced fully. Not all words strictly follow the consonants order, sometimes one or multiple virtual syllables are present (often as a result of word contraction), in these cases all the consonants preceding the virtual syllable are shifted in pronunciation.

	====Consonants ====		====Consonants ====
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	===Morphology===		===Morphology===
	----The Bundi language is [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language\|agglutinative]], words are composed of various morphemes that can be isolated with a specific meaning (each syllable has nearly always a own meaning). The meaning is conveyed by the consonant category, the vowel and the pitch. Each word can be split in sections of maximum 6 syllables. Each one of this sections is a noun a verb or an adjective/adverb; the adjective/adverb always precedes the noun/verb to form a continuous word. So each word can be either the equivalent of a noun phrase or a predicate. In each section each syllable will contribute to the meaning~~, for~~ example a noun relating to an object will be composed by a root, giving its general nature, preceded by syllables giving characteristics relating to its size, material, shape, use...		----The Bundi language is [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language\|agglutinative]], words are composed of various morphemes that can be isolated with a specific meaning (each syllable has nearly always a own meaning). The meaning is conveyed by the consonant category, the vowel and the pitch. Each word can be split in sections of maximum 6 syllables. Each one of this sections is a noun a verb or an adjective/adverb; the adjective/adverb always precedes the noun/verb to form a continuous word. So each word can be either the equivalent of a noun phrase or a predicate. In each section, each syllable will contribute to the meaning. For example a noun relating to an object will be composed by a root, giving its general nature, preceded by syllables giving characteristics relating to its size, material, shape, use...

	=== Writing System===		=== Writing System===
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	==== Nouns ====		==== Nouns ====
	Nouns always have a root suffix that gives the nature of noun		Nouns always have a root suffix that gives the nature of the noun.

	==== Sentences ====		==== Sentences ====
	Sentences always contain no more than one object, one subject and one verb. Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb. To link sentences six different separators can be used. Each one having the function of a different coordination conjunction.		Sentences always contain no more than one object, one subject and one verb. Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb. To link sentences six different separators can be used. Each one having the function of a different coordination conjunction.
	[[Category:Arbundi]]		[[Category:Arbundi]]

Arbundi: /* Grammar */

2024-02-13T18:34:27Z

Grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 13 February 2024
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	===Grammar===		===Grammar===
	----		----

			==== Verbs ====
	Verbs are built with a prefix that specifies the object and a suffix that specifies the the subject. The prefix is constructed with a consonant that depends on the person of the object (see table), the vowel is the last vowel of the object. The suffix is constructed similarly with a consonant dependent on the subject person and the last vowel of the subject. The tense is given by the pitch of the verb; all the syllables of a verb always have the same pitch, however associated adverbs will have an independent pitch.		Verbs are built with a prefix that specifies the object and a suffix that specifies the the subject. The prefix is constructed with a consonant that depends on the person of the object (see table), the vowel is the last vowel of the object. The suffix is constructed similarly with a consonant dependent on the subject person and the last vowel of the subject. The tense is given by the pitch of the verb; all the syllables of a verb always have the same pitch, however associated adverbs will have an independent pitch.

	Sentences always contain no more than one object, one subject and one verb. Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb. To link sentences six different separators can be used. Each one having the function of a different coordination conjunction.
	{\| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
	!"Stalks"		!"Stalks"
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	\|7<sup>th</sup>		\|7<sup>th</sup>
	\|Infinite		\|Infinite
	\|}		\|}

			==== Nouns ====
			Nouns always have a root suffix that gives the nature of noun

			==== Sentences ====
			Sentences always contain no more than one object, one subject and one verb. Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb. To link sentences six different separators can be used. Each one having the function of a different coordination conjunction.
	[[Category:Arbundi]]		[[Category:Arbundi]]

Arbundi at 18:21, 13 February 2024

2024-02-13T18:21:04Z

Show changes

Arbundi at 17:56, 13 February 2024

2024-02-13T17:56:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:56, 13 February 2024
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	\|1<sup>st</sup>		\|1<sup>st</sup>
	\|Or		\|Or
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|2<sup>nd</sup>		\|2<sup>nd</sup>
	\|Although		\|Although
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|3<sup>rd</sup>		\|3<sup>rd</sup>
	\|2		\|2
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|4<sup>th</sup>		\|4<sup>th</sup>
	\|2		\|2
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|5<sup>th</sup>		\|5<sup>th</sup>
	\|3		\|3
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|6<sup>th</sup>		\|6<sup>th</sup>
	\|3		\|3
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|7<sup>th</sup>		\|7<sup>th</sup>
	\|3		\|3
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|8<sup>th</sup>		\|8<sup>th</sup>
	\|3		\|3
	\|		\|style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" \|#
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Arbundi: /* Grammar */

2024-02-13T17:54:45Z

Grammar

@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 Digrams in predicates are written with only one tail on the bottom of the stalk; on the other hand digrams in noun phrases are written with a tail at each end of the stalk, pointing at opposite sides. Words are written horizontally left to right or right to left, to emphasize proper noun phrases they are doubled with the second sequence mirrored. In the traditional script digrams of the same section of a word are written attached by their bottom tail, this facilitates pronunciation.
 Virtual syllables are noted <span style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 3em;">s</span>, this symbol is never pronounced but it effects the pronunciation of the preceding consonants by "shifting" them, as if the word was a syllable longer.
 {| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
 |+
@@ Line 264: / Line 266: @@
 |7
 |/
 |}
 ===Grammar===
 ----
 Verbs are built with a prefix that specifies the object and a suffix that specifies the the subject. The prefix is constructed with a consonant that depends on the person of the object (see table), the vowel is the last vowel of the object. The suffix is constructed similarly with a consonant dependent on the subject person and the last vowel of the subject. The tense is given by the pitch of the verb; all the syllables of a verb always have the same pitch, however associated adverbs will have an independent pitch.
 {| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
 !"Stalks"

Arbundi at 12:39, 10 February 2024

2024-02-10T12:39:03Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The Bundi Language is a language first spoken by the Bundi tribe on Arbundia. It's the official language of the Arbundian Empire.
 === Phonology ===
 ----The Bundi language has four vowels: ɐ, u, i, o̞ and 23 pulmonic consonants (used in words). There are 9 additional clicks and ejective consonants exclusively used as conjunctions and sentence  separators.
@@ Line 321: / Line 319: @@
 |Infinite
 |}
-{| class="wikitable"
 [[Category:Arbundi]]

Arbundi at 12:38, 10 February 2024

2024-02-10T12:38:09Z

@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 ----
 Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb.
-Verbs are built with a consonant prefix that specifies the object and a consonant suffix that specifies the the subject. The tense is given by the pitch of the verb; all the syllables of a verb always have the same pitch, however associated adverbs will have an independent pitch.
+Verbs are built with a prefix that specifies the object and a suffix that specifies the the subject. The prefix is constructed with a consonant that depends on the person of the object (see table), the vowel is the last vowel of the object. The suffix is constructed similarly with a consonant dependent on the subject person and the last vowel of the subject. The tense is given by the pitch of the verb; all the syllables of a verb always have the same pitch, however associated adverbs will have an independent pitch.
+{| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
 <span style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 7em;"> vt3a xt2i t2u vt3a f5i f6u .,'';;'';,.,.,t1um5id3a  d4ud4ixd4ixd4u xd3a xm5ixt1u t7ut7i</span>
 [[Category:Arbundi]]

Arbundi: /* Phonology */

2024-02-10T12:11:13Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 10 February 2024
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	Bundi words are usually composed of one-consonant/one-vowel syllables and always end with a vowel. One exception is the vowel o̞ is only found at the beginning of words and forms a syllable without consonants. All the vowels are pronounced short, unless for the last vowel of a proper name. Pitch plays a major role, each vowel can be pronounced as one of eight discrete notes, however some combinations note/vowel are not used in standard Bundi speech. In phonetic notation this notes are written as number exponents over the vowel; for example the pitch of [i<sup>4</sup>] is lower than [i<sup>5</sup>].		Bundi words are usually composed of one-consonant/one-vowel syllables and always end with a vowel. One exception is the vowel o̞ is only found at the beginning of words and forms a syllable without consonants. All the vowels are pronounced short, unless for the last vowel of a proper name. Pitch plays a major role, each vowel can be pronounced as one of eight discrete notes, however some combinations note/vowel are not used in standard Bundi speech. In phonetic notation this notes are written as number exponents over the vowel; for example the pitch of [i<sup>4</sup>] is lower than [i<sup>5</sup>].

	Consonants are divided in 5 semantic categories. Changing a consonant from a category to another will change the meaning of the syllable. The pronunciation of the consonant will change depending on the place of the consonant from the end of the section; however the syllable will keep the same meaning. For example the syllable [n̥di] can only be found in the last syllable of a word, the syllable [ʀbi] will have the same meaning but can only be found one place before last. The first consonant of a word containing a noun is silent (pronounced [ħ]) unless it's from category 5. The first consonant of a word containing a verb is always pronounced fully. Not all words strictly follow the consonants order, sometimes a virtual ~~syllable is~~ present (often as a result of word contraction), in these cases all the consonants preceding ~~this~~ virtual syllable are shifted in pronunciation.		Consonants are divided in 5 semantic categories. Changing a consonant from a category to another will change the meaning of the syllable. The pronunciation of the consonant will change depending on the place of the consonant from the end of the section; however the syllable will keep the same meaning. For example the syllable [n̥di] can only be found in the last syllable of a word, the syllable [ʀbi] will have the same meaning but can only be found one place before last. The first consonant of a word containing a noun is silent (pronounced [ħ]) unless it's from category 5. The first consonant of a word containing a verb is always pronounced fully. Not all words strictly follow the consonants order, sometimes one or multiple virtual syllables are present (often as a result of word contraction), in these cases all the consonants preceding the virtual syllable are shifted in pronunciation.

	====Consonants ====		====Consonants ====
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	===Morphology===		===Morphology===
	----The Bundi language is [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language\|agglutinative]], words are composed of various morphemes that can be isolated with a specific meaning (each syllable has nearly always a own meaning). The meaning is conveyed by the consonant category, the vowel and the pitch. Each word can be split in sections of maximum 6 syllables. Each one of this sections is a noun a verb or an adjective/adverb; the adjective/adverb always precedes the noun/verb to form a continuous word. So each word can be either the equivalent of a noun phrase or a predicate.		----The Bundi language is [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language\|agglutinative]], words are composed of various morphemes that can be isolated with a specific meaning (each syllable has nearly always a own meaning). The meaning is conveyed by the consonant category, the vowel and the pitch. Each word can be split in sections of maximum 6 syllables. Each one of this sections is a noun a verb or an adjective/adverb; the adjective/adverb always precedes the noun/verb to form a continuous word. So each word can be either the equivalent of a noun phrase or a predicate.

	Verbs are built with a consonant prefix that specifies the object and a consonant suffix that specifies the the subject. The tense is is given by the pitch of the verb; all the verb always has the same pitch however adverbs will have an independent pitch.

	=== Writing System===		=== Writing System===
	----		----
	[[File:Bundi_digrams.png\|right\|200x200px\|Example of Bundi syllables written as digrams]]		[[File:Bundi_digrams.png\|right\|200x200px\|Example of Bundi syllables written as digrams]]
	The Bundi language is written with the Arbundian script. This system was invented from scratch by Arbundi with the help of the Akavintu. It's an alphabetical system where each syllable is written by composing two symbols, forming a digram. The "Tail" conveys the pitch of the vowel, there is a symbol for each of the eight notes; the pronunciation of the vowel is determined by the height of the digram. The "Stalk" represents the consonant category, with a different symbol for each, its pronunciation depends on its position from the end of the section.		The Bundi language is written with the Arbundian script. This system was invented from scratch by Arbundi with the help of the Akavintu. It's an alphabetical system where each syllable is written by composing two symbols, forming a digram. The "Tail" conveys the pitch of the vowel, there is a symbol for each of the eight notes; the pronunciation of the vowel is determined by the height of the digram. The "Stalk" represents the consonant semantic category, with a different symbol for each, its pronunciation depends on its position from the end of the section.

	Digrams in predicates are written with only one tail on the bottom of the stalk; on the other hand digrams in noun phrases are written with a tail at each end of the stalk, pointing at opposite sides. Words are written horizontally left to right or right to left, to emphasize proper noun phrases they are doubled with the second sequence mirrored. In the traditional script digrams of the same section of a word are written attached by their bottom tail, this facilitates pronunciation.		Digrams in predicates are written with only one tail on the bottom of the stalk; on the other hand digrams in noun phrases are written with a tail at each end of the stalk, pointing at opposite sides. Words are written horizontally left to right or right to left, to emphasize proper noun phrases they are doubled with the second sequence mirrored. In the traditional script digrams of the same section of a word are written attached by their bottom tail, this facilitates pronunciation.
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	===Grammar===		===Grammar===
	----		----
			Sentences are constructed in the order Object-Verb-Subject, however for questions the order is Verb-Subject-Object and for any sentences where Arbundi is the subject the order is Subject-Object-Verb.
			Verbs are built with a consonant prefix that specifies the object and a consonant suffix that specifies the the subject. The tense is given by the pitch of the verb; all the syllables of a verb always have the same pitch, however associated adverbs will have an independent pitch.

	<span style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 7em;"> vt3a xt2i t2u vt3a f5i f6u .,'';;'';,.,.,t1um5id3a d4ud4ixd4ixd4u xd3a xm5ixt1u t7ut7i</span>		<span style="font-family:Arbundi; font-size: 7em;"> vt3a xt2i t2u vt3a f5i f6u .,'';;'';,.,.,t1um5id3a d4ud4ixd4ixd4u xd3a xm5ixt1u t7ut7i</span>

	[[Category:Arbundi]]		[[Category:Arbundi]]